Παρασκευή 9 Αυγούστου 2019

Η ΑΛΗΘΕΙΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΔΟΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΚΥΠΡΟΥ ΤΟ 1974 - ΑΠΟ ΤΑ ΑΡΧΕΙΑ ΤΟΥ STATE DEPARTMENT (Β' ΜΕΡΟΣ)

Του Κωνσταντίνου Δημητριάδη
 
 
 
Καταγραφή τηλεφωνικής συνομιλίας μεταξύ Dr.H.Kissinger (Υπ.Εξ. Η.Π.Α.) και K.Waldheim (Γ.Γ. του Ο.Η.Ε.) της 16-7-1974
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1973-1976
Volume XXX, Greece; Cyprus; Turkey, 1973-1976, Document 87

87. Transcript of Telephone Conversation Between Secretary of State Kissinger and United Nations Secretary General Waldheim11. Source: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Kissinger Papers, Box 384, Telephone Conversations, Chronological File. No classification marking. Kissinger was in Washington; Waldheim was in New York.
W: This is Waldheim speaking.
K: Yes, Mr. Secretary General.
W: Mr. Secretary, I am grateful for you returning my call. The reason is, you have probably heard from Buffum, that we have a serious development and I wanted to inform you of a cable that we have received. This would give a clear picture of the situation. I received from my special representative and Commander in Chief in Cyprus—I don't know if you have been informed by Buffum.
K: I think Sisco has told me about it.
W: MAKARIOS may request a meeting of the Security Council to discuss, what he terms, Greek military intervention in Cyprus. We know four members of the Greek Government are being treated for wounds received during the coup d'etat in the last two days, so there was some involvement. I want you to know that we have these indications that the Greek military contingent is involved. And he also asked me to convey to you and others to help keep Cyprus independent and sovereign. I sent a message to the government of Athens and Ankara stressing the importance of maintaining…
K: I notice the Greek Government has affirmed this.
W: Yes, the important thing is, well it is not so important, but that the Archbishop asked that the British send a helicopter to evacuate him to a British base on the island and the British High Commissioner accepted this on the condition that the Archbishop would accept evacuation to the United Kingdom and in the meantime, our commander in chief there has asked for protection, so MAKARIOS refused to evacuate the island and I have now authorized our commander in chief to grant protection. Of course, that will cause problems in the future. This will be a problem.
K: Yes.
W: This is most important information which I got this morning. I asked Rossides whether he will ask for a meeting of the Council. He did not…I consultated with the President of the Council and we decided there should be a meeting at 3:00 this afternoon. The situation is very confused and all kinds of rumors around the world and I think it is important that the Council be informed.
K: I appreciate this very much and your information is later than ours.
K: I talked with Callaghan who reports they were evacuating MAKARIOS and that didn't sound right to me.22. See Document 86 and footnote 3 thereto.
W: I agree. But for us it will be a problem if the new military government is in control and no President is sworn-in, then we have a problem of what to do with MAKARIOS.
K: How about you and I talking tomorrow and exchanging information then.
W: Yes. I think it is important to avoid intervention by the Turks. Our information is that the Turks… will report that they will not provide or do anything which could create deterioration of the situation, but this is the real danger.
K: We are dealing with the Turks today and I will keep you informed and I understand we are going to get together next week or soon.
W: Yes. I want to talk to you.
K: Very nice to talk to you and I appreciate your keeping me informed.
W: If I hear anything else I will let you know immediately.
1 Source: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Kissinger Papers, Box 384, Telephone Conversations, Chronological File. No classification marking. Kissinger was in Washington; Waldheim was in New York.
2 See Document 86 and footnote 3 thereto.


Τηλεγράφημα του κ.Τάσκα προς τον H.Kissinger με ενημέρωση από την συνομιλία που είχε με τον Ιωαννίδη το απόγευμα της 16-7-1974
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1973-1976
Volume XXX, Greece; Cyprus; Turkey, 1973-1976, Document 88

88. Telegram From the Embassy in Greece to the Department of State11. Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 1312, Saunders Chron File, NSC Secretariat, Richard M. Nixon Cables/Contingency Plans 1974, Cyprus and Greek-Turkish Contingency Plans. Secret; Immediate; Exdis. Repeated to Nicosia, Ankara, and USNATO. A handwritten note by Clift, presumably to Scowcroft, reads, “Read this one in detail!”
4528. Subject: Cyprus Coup: Meeting with General Ioannides. Ref: State 152379.22. Document 82. For the Secretary.
1. I used secure reliable channel directly to General Ioannides to deliver message reftel. He began by explaining he had personal message from USG. After emissary had read two paragraphs, Ioannides commented message must be same as that Ambassador had given Kypreos, in which case emissary wasting his time since he would receive message anyway. Emissary explained his job was to finish reading message and hand it to him and would do so, to which General Ioannides said fine.
2. After emissary completed message, the General literally blew up, jumped up, backed up, knocked over a table, broke empty glass and uttered a strong obscenity. He continued that one day Kissinger makes public statements regarding non-interference in Greek internal affairs and a few weeks later the USG says “consistent with the above principles …” and threatens interference. “No matter what happened in Cyprus I (Ioannides) will be blamed. If I had pulled the troops out the former politicians would have blamed me for turning the island over to the Communists. Some day USG will realize that on 15 July 1974 Cyprus was saved from falling into the hands of the Communists”.
3. General then calmed down, came over to where emissary was sitting and said he knew he understood him: diplomatic talk is time-consuming but he would answer in as diplomatic fashion as possible because he had diplomatic mission.
4. General stated that Greece also believed in non-interference and in a free, independent, sovereign state of Cyprus; Greece would abide by the decision of the majority of the Greek Cypriots, most of whom were nationalists, and these nationalists were the ones who had moved against MAKARIOS. It was immaterial whether these Greek Cypriot nationalists moved with or without the prior blessing of Greece or whether Greek officers subsequently assisted them. At this point he went off on a tangent stating that neither Greece nor the Greek Cypriots had asked for enosis, that GOT had obviously accepted these developments in Cyprus, that Turks understood that the matter was an internal Greek Cypriot affair.
5. According to Ioannides only real resistance left on Cyprus were Communist supporters of MAKARIOS in Paphos; these supporters were even singing EAM/ELAS33. Reference is to the Greek Communist resistance movement of World War II. songs. Most of the rest of island was in nationalist hands. General Ioannides stated that everyone should forget that MAKARIOS was an international figure, that he was a national hero, that he had served several useful functions and that he was a man of the cloth; MAKARIOS had become a rotten priest homosexual; he was perverted, a torturer, a sexual deviate and the owner of half the hotels on the island. To preserve his position and to continue his activities, MAKARIOS was willing to sacrifice seventy per cent of the Greek Cypriot population (only thirty per cent were AKEL) and entire anti-Communist Turkish Cypriot population. Ioannides asserted Greek Cypriots in National Guard realized these facts and had begged motherland for chance to act against MAKARIOS; General claimed that he only assisted after being presented with a fait accompli.
6. At this point emissary interjected and told Ioannides point-blank that, with coup only twenty-four hours after his reporting to us regarding a possible overthrow of Makarios this was very difficult for anyone to believe. At this point the General again blew up with arms waving, knocked over the same table, broke a second glass and, between obscenities, stated that he did not plot and arrange the coup, initial plan and approach was from Greek Cypriot nationalists on 13 July, after latter learned that GOG intended to accede to MAKARIOS' demands to reduce number of Greek officers in National Guard. General stated he could not accept at least 85,000 Greek Cypriot refugees from MAKARIOS ' tyranny. This coupled with MAKARIOS' anti-regime efforts, made him decide to assist Greek Cypriot nationalists. The General stated that if Makarios succeeded in kicking Greeks out of Cyprus what could keep him from thinking he could not kick junta out of Greece. After deciding to assist Greek Cypriots, the General claimed that he did not tell the Armed Forces leadership nor any Greek official. He limited knowledge of his intentions to few select officers on 13/14 July; no one else knew and even after events unfolded on 15 July only a handful of people were aware of his role. Ioannides justified this action by asserting that if he had briefed numerous people they would have raised suggestions, advice, alternatives, and possible problems. He added that he acted on spur of the moment.
7. Ioannides declared that game was now over for MAKARIOS, that Greek Cypriots had booted him out, that National Guard and Greek officers had assisted nationalist Greek Cypriot brothers, and that only resistance now was in Paphos. In reply to emissary's direct question Ioannides stated that MAKARIOS was still alive “but who cares; he now has no power and no one, if he believes in principle of non-interference in internal affairs of sovereign nation will assist him—not even the Russians unless Turks ask them to do so and the Turks just don't care.”
8. In reply to question whether Greeks were in direct touch with Turks, General stated we have not bothered the Turks; we have not declared enosis. Turks agree that “the principal thorn” (i.e., MAKARIOS) is gone and, “I am not in touch with the Turks.” He expressed view that Greece and Turkey could now proceed at some future time to sit down, talk and solve their differences. Indeed, according to Ioannides Greeks might even be willing to share profits of petroleum finds in a joint exploration company; however, Greece would never surrender Aegean continental shelf because this would mean Turkish control of Greek islands. He also expressed belief that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could probably solve their difficulties peacefully, quietly and amicably. He even joked that in a year or perhaps more realistically ten, the Turks might want to sell their share of Cyprus for increased percentage of petroleum rights. Again in reply to direct question, General Ioannides stated that he was not in contact with any Turkish official; however, he added that Turks were “officially aware” that enosis was not the objective at this point and that Greek Cypriots did not intend any bloody action against Turk Cypriots.
9. When asked for specifics on MAKARIOS, Ioannides stated that according to Greek information, MAKARIOS was alive and in hands of British at Episkopi Base; he had gone there with assistance of Canadians and British on island.
10. At this point Ioannides summed up as follows:
A) He stressed that he too had a God; he was definitely not anti-American; “even a jackass needed a post to be tied to” and in his case it was the U.S.
B) His hasty decision on 13 July might have been stupid. Instead of abandoning Cyprus and letting U.S. worry about its fate and pour money down another rathole, he had allowed love of country, a moral obligation to the Greek Cypriot nationalists and his “philotimo” to overrule logic and to assist Greek Cypriots.
C) Greece would do whatever was necessary to preserve its national identity and to stay anti-Communist. If this meant keeping Yiaros open it would stay open as long as it was necessary and he would accept no static from anyone on this score. Indeed, he had instructed a Greek official to tell British officially that whenever the British let Irish political prisoners out of British jails, he would free the forty-two Greek political prisoners on Yiaros.
D) He personally didn't like Nikos Sampson, but that was Greek Cypriot nationalist decision. He knew Sampson personally and in his opinion Sampson was “crazy.” He jokingly remarked that new Cypriot Minister of Defense Dimitriou was very pro-American and that our Embassy there would soon realize this. He also knew Dimitriou personally.
E) While shaking hands at close of conversation Ioannides stated, “Remember we too believe in a free, independent and sovereign Cyprus, we too believe in non-interference, along with Turks and especially with Kissinger. We too believe that the Cypriots should be free to solve their own problems, be they Greek Cypriots, Turk Cypriots or both.”
Tasca
1 Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 1312, Saunders Chron File, NSC Secretariat, Richard M. Nixon Cables/Contingency Plans 1974, Cyprus and Greek-Turkish Contingency Plans. Secret; Immediate; Exdis. Repeated to Nicosia, Ankara, and USNATO. A handwritten note by Clift, presumably to Scowcroft, reads, “Read this one in detail!”
2 Document 82.
3 Reference is to the Greek Communist resistance movement of World War II.

ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑΔΗΣ ΜΑΥΡΟΣΚΟΥΦΗΣ
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ΤΙ ΕΣΤΙ ΕΘΝΟΣ

Το ΕΘΝΟΣ σχηματιζεται απο δυο βασικους παραγοντες,την ΦΥΛΗ και την ΣΥΝΕΙΔΗΣΗ.Λεγοντας <φυλη>,εννοουμε την<καταγωγη>-οτι πρεπει δηλ.τα ατομα του Εθνους να εχουν κοινη καταγωγη.Δεν αρκει να εχουν αυτα<συνειδηση>
περι κοινης καταγωγης.Δεν αρκει δηλ.να πιστευουν στην κοινη τους καταγωγη,αλλα να εχουν πραγματι κοινη καταγωγη.Διοτι ΜΟΝΟΝ η κοινη καταγωγη-η κοινη<φυλετικη υπαγωγη>-συνεπαγεται ΚΟΙΝΟΥΣ κληρονομικους χαρακτηρες,αρα κοινα πνευματικα στοιχεια.Οταν υπαρχει κοινη καταγωγη,τοτε υπαρχουν κατα το μαλλον η ηττον κοινη γλωσσα,κοινος πολιτισμος,κοινη θρησκεια,κοινα ηθη,κοινη ιστορια.Αυτα τα δευτερογενη στοιχεια δεν αποτελουν,το καθενα ξεχωριστα,απαραιτητο στοιχειο συγκροτησεως Εθνους.Εν τουτοις ολα αυτα,οταν συνυπαρχουν,συντελουν στην συνοχη της κοινοτητος,στην δημιουργια δηλ.ΕΝΙΑΙΑΣ ΣΥΝΕΙΔΗΣΕΩΣ-του δευτερου παραγοντος συγκροτησεως του ΕΘΝΟΥΣ.ΕΘΝΟΣ ειναι επομενως ο ομοειδης φυλετικως λαος,που εχει συνειδηση της υπαρξεως του.
''Η ΚΑΤΑΓΩΓΗ ΤΩΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΩΝ''

ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ ΔΗΜΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ

Η ΣΗΜΑΙΑ ΜΑΣ

Αυτή η σημαία στα μάτια τα δικά μας συμβολίζει τους Αγώνες όσων πολέμησαν, εργάστηκαν,θυσιάστηκαν, δολοφονήθηκαν, σκοτώθηκαν και έζησαν με πρώτιστες αξίες εκείνες της Ελευθερίας, της Δικαιοσύνης και της Πατρίδας. Αυτούς που έβαλαν το δικό τους λιθαράκι στην αιώνιο πανύψηλο φρούριο του Ελληνικού Πολιτισμού. Δεν είναι ικανή καμία βουλή, κανένα κράτος και κανένας πολιτικός ή κεφάλαιο να την ξεφτιλίζει και να την ξεπουλάει καθημερινά. Οι δειλοί τη βλέπουν με φόβο. Οι προδότες σαν πανί. Οι αστοί σαν ύφασμα. Οι άνανδροι την καίνε. Μα εμείς τη βλέπουμε σαν τη Μάνα που καρτερεί να μας δεί να εκπληρώνουμε τα όνειρα μας. Τα δικά μας,τα δικά της, του Γένους.

ΛΟΓΙΑ ΙΩΝΟΣ ΔΡΑΓΟΥΜΗ




















"Από στενός πατριώτης, γίνομαι εθνικιστής, με τη συνείδηση του έθνους μου και όλων των άλλων εθνών, γιατί οι διαφορές των εθνών πάντα θα υπάρχουν, και έχω τη συνείδησή τους και χαίρομαι που υπάρχουν αυτές οι διαφορές, που με τις αντιθέσεις τους, με τις αντιλήψεις τους, υψώνουν την ανθρώπινη συνείδηση και ενέργεια. Από άτομο γίνομαι άνθρωπος." (ΙΩΝ ΔΡΑΓΟΥΜΗΣ. ΗΜΕΡΟΛΟΓΙΟ 18-3-1919)

ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΠΕΙΣΜΑ

ΙΩΝ ΔΡΑΓΟΥΜΗΣ

''Δεν θελω να πεθανει το Εθνος μου,το Εθνος αυτο, που τοσα εκαμε στην ζωη του, το εξυπνο,το τοσο ανθρωπινο. Για να το φυλαξω απο τον θανατο πρεπει τωρα να το καμω πεισματαρικο στην ΕΘΝΙΚΗ ΠΙΣΤΗ,στον ΕΘΝΙΣΜΟ, ας ειναι και υπερβολικο το αισθημα που θελω να δωσω στους Ελληνες. Μονον ετσι θα ζησει το ΕΘΝΟΣ.''

''Σε οποιους με κατηγορουν η με περιγελουν, γιατι τους κεντρω το Εθνικο τους αισθημα και τους μιλω αποκλειστικα,θα λεγω:Λοιπον θελετε να πεθανει το Εθνος σας;Αν το θελετε,πεστε το καθαρα,μην κρυβοσαστε''

ΙΩΝ ΔΡΑΓΟΥΜΗΣ

Η ΡΗΣΗ ΠΟΥ ΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΕΣ ΔΕΝ ΠΡΕΠΕΙ ΝΑ ΞΕΧΝΑΜΕ



πισταμνους πρς εδτας τι δκαια μν ν τ
νθρωπείῳ λγ π τς σης νγκης κρνεται, δυνατ δ
ο
προχοντες πρσσουσι κα ο σθενες ξυγχωροσιν.

κατά την συζήτησιν των ανθρωπίνων πραγμάτων το επιχείρημα του δικαίου αξίαν έχει, όπου ίση υπάρχει δύναμις προς επιβολήν αυτού, ότι όμως ο ισχυρός επιβάλλει ό,τι του επιτρέπει η δύναμίς του και ο ασθενής παραχωρεί ό,τι του επιβάλλει η αδυναμία του"

ΘΟΥΚΥΔΙΔΟΥ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΙ Ε89

Μετάφραση Ελ. Βενιζέλου


28η ΟΚΤΩΒΡΙΟΥ 1940 - ΔΙΑΓΓΕΛΜΑ Ι. ΜΕΤΑΞΑ

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_NuhZMDR5O28/S_qK4rCNqWI/AAAAAAAAATQ/FgeBEEMBpt0/s400/%CE%99%CE%A9%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%9D%CE%97%CE%A3+%CE%9C%CE%95%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%9E%CE%91%CE%A3.jpg

“Η στιγμή επέστη που θα αγωνισθώμεν διά την ανεξαρτησίαν της Ελλάδος, την ακεραιότητα και την τιμήν της.
Μολονότι ετηρήσαμεν την πλέον αυστηράν ουδετερότητα και ίσην προς όλους, η Ιταλία μη αναγνωρίζουσα εις ημάς να ζήσωμεν ως ελεύθεροι Έλληνες, μου εζήτησε σήμερον την 3ην πρωινήν ώραν την παράδοσιν τμημάτων του Εθνικού εδάφους κατά την ιδίαν αυτής βούλησιν και ότι προς κατάληψιν αυτών η κίνησις των στρατευμάτων της θα ήρχιζε την 6ην πρωινήν. Απήντησα εις τον Ιταλόν Πρεσβευτήν ότι θεωρώ και το αίτημα αυτό καθ’ εαυτό και τον τρόπον με τον οποίον γίνεται τούτο ως κήρυξιν πολέμου της Ιταλίας κατά της Ελλάδος.
Έλληνες
Τώρα θα αποδείξωμεν εάν πράγματι είμεθα άξιοι των προγόνων μας και της ελευθερίας την οποίαν μας εξησφάλισαν οι προπάτορές μας. Όλον το Έθνος θα εγερθή σύσσωμον. Αγωνισθήτε διά την Πατρίδα, τας γυναίκας, τα παιδιά μας και τας ιεράς μας παραδόσεις. Νυν υπέρ πάντων ο αγών.


Η ΕΞΟΝΤΩΣΗ ΕΝΟΣ ΕΘΝΟΥΣ

Το πρώτο βήμα για να εξοντώσεις ένα έθνος
είναι να διαγράψεις τη μνήμη του.
Να καταστρέψεις τα βιβλία του,
την κουλτούρα του, την ιστορία του.
Μετά να βάλεις κάποιον να γράψει νέα βιβλία,
να κατασκευάσει μια νέα παιδεία,
να επινοήσει μια νέα ιστορία.
Δεν θα χρειαστεί πολύς καιρός
για να αρχίσει αυτό το έθνος
να ξεχνά ποιο είναι και ποιο ήταν.
Ο υπόλοιπος κόσμος γύρω του
θα το ξεχάσει ακόμα πιο γρήγορα.


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